Types of Heart Defects

Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return: defect in which the pulmonary veins carry blood from the lung to the right side of the heart, rather than to the left side of the heart

Aortic or Pulmonary Valve Stenosis: a narrowing of the aortic valve (which prevents blood from flowing backward from the aorta into the left ventricle) or of the pulmonary valve (which prevents blood from flowing backward from the pulmonary artery into the right ventricle)

Arrhythmias: abnormal heart rhythms

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD): a hole in the wall between the two upper chambers (right and left atria) of the heart.

Atrioventricular Canal: a defect consisting of two holes in the walls of the heart, one between the two atriums and another between the two ventricles

Coarctation of the aorta: a narrowing of the aorta

Coronary Artery Anomalies: an abnormality or malformation of the coronary artery

Cor Triatriatum: defect consisting of a small extra chamber above the left atrium of the heart

Ebstein's Anomaly: defect in which the tricuspid valve is abnormally formed

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: a combination of defects in which all structures on the heart's left side (which receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the body) are severely underdeveloped

Interrupted Aortic Arch: a defect where the aorta is not completely developed and there is an interruption between the ascending and descending thoracic aorta

Patent ductus arteriosus: an opening between the aorta and pulmonary artery, which normally closes within a few hours of birth.  Commonly seen in premature infants

Single-Ventricle Defects: a defect in which only one of the two ventricles is adequately sized

Tetrology of Fallot: a constellation of four defects, including ventricular septal defect, a narrowed pulmonary valve, a thickened right ventricle, and a displaced aorta

Transposition of the Great Arteries: reversal of the normal connections of the aorta and the pulmonary artery to the heart

Tricuspid Atresia: a defect of the tricuspid valve which blocks blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle

Truncus Arteriosus: a defect in which only one, instead of two main blood vessels arise from the heart

Valve Defects: malformation of any of the heart's valves which include the mitral, aortic, tricuspid and pulmonic valves

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD): a hole in the wall between the two lower chambers (right and left ventricles)